diff --git a/CoordTopographic.cpp b/CoordTopographic.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 873c8a5..0000000
--- a/CoordTopographic.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-#include "CoordTopographic.h"
-
-#include "Globals.h"
-
-#include <sstream>
-#include <iomanip>
-
-CoordTopographic::CoordTopographic(const CoordTopographic& b) {
-
-    azimuth = b.azimuth;
-    elevation = b.elevation;
-    range = b.range;
-    range_rate = b.range_rate;
-}
-
-CoordTopographic& CoordTopographic::operator =(const CoordTopographic& b) {
-
-    if (this != &b) {
-        azimuth = b.azimuth;
-        elevation = b.elevation;
-        range = b.range;
-        range_rate = b.range_rate;
-    }
-
-    return (*this);
-}
-
-bool CoordTopographic::operator ==(const CoordTopographic& b) const {
-
-    if (azimuth == b.azimuth &&
-            elevation == b.elevation &&
-            range == b.range &&
-            range_rate == b.range_rate) {
-        return true;
-    } else {
-        return false;
-    }
-}
-
-bool CoordTopographic::operator !=(const CoordTopographic& b) const {
-
-    if (azimuth == b.azimuth &&
-            elevation == b.elevation &&
-            range == b.range &&
-            range_rate == b.range_rate) {
-        return false;
-    } else {
-        return true;
-    }
-}
-
-std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& stream, const CoordTopographic& topo) {
-    std::stringstream out;
-    out << std::right << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2);
-    out << "Az: " << std::setw(7) << RadiansToDegrees(topo.azimuth);
-    out << ", El: " << std::setw(7) << RadiansToDegrees(topo.elevation);
-    out << ", Rng: " << std::setw(9) << topo.range;
-    out << ", Rng Rt: " << std::setw(6) << topo.range_rate;
-    stream << out.str();
-    return stream;
-}
-
-
diff --git a/CoordTopographic.h b/CoordTopographic.h
index 2004159..d9ae035 100644
--- a/CoordTopographic.h
+++ b/CoordTopographic.h
@@ -1,29 +1,68 @@
 #ifndef COORDTOPOGRAPHIC_H_
 #define COORDTOPOGRAPHIC_H_
 
+#include "Globals.h"
+
 #include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iomanip>
 
-struct CoordTopographic {
+struct CoordTopographic
+{
 public:
-
     CoordTopographic()
-    : azimuth(0.0), elevation(0.0), range(0.0), range_rate(0.0) {
+    : azimuth(0.0), elevation(0.0), range(0.0), range_rate(0.0)
+    {
     }
 
     CoordTopographic(double az, double el, double rnge, double rnge_rate)
-    : azimuth(az), elevation(el), range(rnge), range_rate(rnge_rate) {
+    : azimuth(az), elevation(el), range(rnge), range_rate(rnge_rate)
+    {
     }
 
-    CoordTopographic(const CoordTopographic& b);
+    CoordTopographic(const CoordTopographic& t)
+    {
+        azimuth = t.azimuth;
+        elevation = t.elevation;
+        range = t.range;
+        range_rate = t.range_rate;
+    }
 
-    virtual ~CoordTopographic() {
+    virtual ~CoordTopographic()
+    {
     };
 
-    CoordTopographic & operator =(const CoordTopographic& b);
-    bool operator ==(const CoordTopographic& b) const;
-    bool operator !=(const CoordTopographic& b) const;
-    
-    friend std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& stream, const CoordTopographic& topo);
+    CoordTopographic& operator=(const CoordTopographic& t)
+    {
+        if (this != &t) {
+            azimuth = t.azimuth;
+            elevation = t.elevation;
+            range = t.range;
+            range_rate = t.range_rate;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const CoordTopographic& t) const
+    {
+        return IsEqual(t);
+    }
+
+    bool operator !=(const CoordTopographic& t) const
+    {
+        return !IsEqual(t);
+    }
+
+    std::string ToString() const
+    {
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << std::right << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2);
+        ss << "Az: " << std::setw(7) << RadiansToDegrees(azimuth);
+        ss << ", El: " << std::setw(7) << RadiansToDegrees(elevation);
+        ss << ", Rng: " << std::setw(9) << range;
+        ss << ", Rng Rt: " << std::setw(6) << range_rate;
+        return ss.str();
+    }
 
     /*
      * radians
@@ -41,7 +80,27 @@ public:
      * kilometers / second
      */
     double range_rate;
+
+protected:
+    bool IsEqual(const CoordTopographic& t) const
+    {
+       if (azimuth == t.azimuth && elevation == t.elevation &&
+                range == t.range && range_rate == t.range_rate)
+       {
+            return true;
+       }
+       else
+       {
+           return false;
+       }
+    }
 };
 
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& strm, const CoordTopographic& t)
+{
+    return strm << t.ToString();
+}
+
 #endif
 
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 5fff29f..a52743a 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ endif
 
 LDFLAGS=
 
-SOURCES=CoordTopographic.cpp \
-	Eci.cpp \
+SOURCES=Eci.cpp \
 	Globals.cpp \
 	Julian.cpp \
 	Observer.cpp \